Single-byte characters
Single-byte characters are represented as a series of lowercase letters.
The format for representing one single-byte character abstractly is a. Here a stands for any single-byte character, not for the letter "a" itself.
The format for representing a string of single-byte characters is a...z. Here a stands for the first character and z stands for the last character in the string. For example, if the string Ludwig consists of six single-byte characters, the following format represents this six-character string abstractly:
abcdef
The letter "s" does not show in examples that represent strings of single-byte characters. The letter "s" is reserved as a symbol to represent a single-byte white space character.